Street Art Legalization

â€Å"Imagine a city where graffiti wasn't illegal, a city where everybody drew whatever they liked. Where every street was awash with a million colours and little phrases. Where standing at a bus stop was never boring. A city that felt like a party where everyone was invited, not just the estate agents and barons of big business. Imagine a city like that and stop leaning against the wall – it's wet. † (Banksy 85) Graffiti is a global form of expression that is untamed but uses similar methods as advertisements, yet is illegal in most cities.Street art is a way of spreading your name or message, just like a company puts up billboards to get their product to their demographics. Graffiti and Street art in general are just terms for the urban art form of scribing or painting on public space with a message or name. The culture of graffiti is very hard to control since all of the tools needed are in the average person’s home already. Street-Art should be legalized bec ause it is less destructive than advertisements and they are displayed in the same methods.Tagging is the first step in becoming a graffiti writer, It is an artist’s baby steps in to the urban art form known as graffiti. A tag in graffiti is an artist’s signature. It represents who you are, where you’re from, and why you write. As the graffiti writer â€Å"Earsnot† said, â€Å"Tagging is like a timeline† you can follow the tags and see where the person has been that day just by the color of their ink (‘Infamy’) â€Å"The term ‘graffiti’ derives from the greek graphien which means to write† The current meaning of graffiti came to being because that is what the drawings and â€Å"marks found on ancient Roman architecture†(Phillips Par 1).Writers for the majority will not sign their real names; they instead use nicknames, codes, or symbols within complicated lettering systems† (Phillips Par 4). Graffiti us ually gets a bad reputation because people see the beautiful murals and wonder why the same artists create ugly scrawl. Graffiti comes in many forms and people really need to understand that. Since there aren’t any two writers at the same level, and all writers are at different steps in the art form. You cannot simply pick up a paint can and created perfect typography and detailed illustrations, no matter what your level of art is in any medium. The grimy, dirty, dripping tag signature comes from the same hands as the enormous multicolored murals† (Gastman 127). Many people say why do graffiti artists tag when they can just do murals. â€Å"Some people want to make the world a better place. I just want to make the world a better-looking place. If you don’t like it, you can paint over it! † (Banksy par 15), in this quote the London street-artist Banksy is stating that he doesn’t care if you paint over or buff his work since he is just going to keep d oing it. So the government is just wasting paint and money.Street Art is a form of graffiti that uses the same way of portraying the artists work but with different tools and mediums. One of the most common means of getting street-art up is with the use of stencils. Where the artist will take cardboard or plastic and make a cutout into the material, usually displaying and icon or figure. Another common method of street-art is wheat pasting which where you create a poster sketched or printed on larger paper and then create a glue like substance using cornstarch and some form of an epoxy.Some street-artists and graffiti artists alike will â€Å"sticker-bomb† which is where the either print stickers with a message or use shipping labels with a hand drawn character or tag and they will put them on walls, signs, windows, etc. Since it is a much quicker way than using a marker or a can of spray paint where you might get caught in the act if you are not very quick or in a rather cro wded place. Graffiti is a cultural phenomenon that cannot be controlled. Every culture that currently exists or has existed has had its own form of graffiti.Modern graffiti is thought to have originated during the Greek empire with political ideas and criticism that people would scribe onto the walls since it would be a definite way that the government would see it. Graffiti cannot be pure vandalism because it can be traced to almost every known society. Also graffiti writers cannot be classified as a single type of person, people who write come from every background. â€Å"Graffiti is a cross-cultural phenomena common to every literate society.Within the variable contexts of their production, graffiti personalize de-personalized space, construct landscapes of identity, make public space into private space, and act as promoters of ethnic unity as well as diversity. Graffiti can be understood as concrete manifestations of personal and communal ideologies which are visually striking, insistent, and provocative; as such, they are worthy of the continued attention of art historians, social scientists, and policy makers alike. † (Phillips 9) Graffiti is going to occur whether it’s legal or not.If government legalized graffiti in public space, the overall crime rate would go down because it would not be added into the statistic of crimes that occurred and governments would not have to pay people to buff out the graffiti. Advertisers capitalized on graffiti strategies. Strategies that started to flourish in the early 1980’s in the New York where innovative writers such as â€Å"Cornbread† would do graffiti on subways and later busses. â€Å"You owe the companies nothing. You especially don't owe them any courtesy.They have re-arranged the world to put themselves in front of you. They never asked for your permission, don't even start asking for theirs. † (Banksy 160) As said by Claw â€Å"Im making my stamp and I want it everywhereà ¢â‚¬ ¦ † (‘Infamy') this is exactly what companies are saying when they purchase advertisement space. Advertising and graffiti function on a phenomenological element to arouse the viewer's curiosity. They rely on the sheer amount of coverage and penetration, just as brands do to grow.If you look into a crowd of people on almost every person you see you can recognize the company that created their clothing. They rely on the quality of the delivery to embed themselves into the viewer’s perception. â€Å"Brandalism; Any advertisement in public space that gives you no choice whether you see it or not is yours. It belongs to you. It's yours to take, rearrange and re-use. Asking for permission is like asking to keep a rock someone just threw at your head† (Banksy 160). Society has an impact on artists.In popular culture where advertising is seen thousands of times a day it evokes a desire in people to make there mark on this world. The empty promises of ads get f lipped upside down when a writer realizes they possessed his or her own ‘brand'. The effect of advertising on young children may have been the catalyst for this global art movement. â€Å"The people who run the cities† do not recognize graffiti because they believe nothing has the right to exist unless it makes revenue. But if you just value capital then your belief is insignificant (Banksy 7). 1 year old Coda Explains, â€Å"Basically, when I look around, I see us living in a modern day Babylon, full of temptation, sin, distraction, corruption, injustice, and misguided fools being mentally enslaved. It seems to me the only way to wake people up from this kind of numbness is to destroy what they know: Their business, their places of commerce and their biggest place of gathering, the cities! Put it on their trains, on the lines they take to work, on their rooftops, on their highways, on anything just to make some people realize that culture isn't ost and that, at the ve ry least, a small group of kids is fighting to keep it alive† (Tucker 1). Graffiti should be legal because it is less destructive to people than advertisements and they are displayed in the very similar methods, yet people are shocked to see it. Graffiti approaching them not in a gallery, but on the streets.. One of the main point that I am trying to prove through this paper even though it isn’t mentioned is, why is the government persecuting people trying to create art and shape the way that modern history is unfolding.

Advantages of using CNG

Appeared like a monster for the first clip in 1999 and threatened all Egyptians, it was immense, unsafe and cruel. So the Egyptian authorities declared the war against it, and started to take serious actions. Now its 2009 but no alteration, it ‘s still there darkening the skies of Cairo from October to December doing a batch of environmental and wellness casualties. Apart from the grey looking skies and atrocious odor distributing in metropoliss, the Monster causes Respiratory jobs. Mahmoud Abdel Majeed, caput of Abbasiya Chest Diseases Hospital, said, † People suffer from take a breathing troubles, coughing and sometimes respiratory failure which requires unreal respiration. † Adding that kids and the aged were the most at hazard. Most of you now know who the monster is, it ‘s the BLACK CLOUD. Funny enough that it ‘s non a natural phenomenon but it is chiefly caused by us! ! Harmonizing to some statistics it ‘s said that 40 % of the pollution is f rom the combustion of rice straws, another 23 % from vehicle exhausts – as Cairo now has about 4.3 million vehicles in its streets. Factory emanations besides cause 23 % and 6 % from combustion of wastes. We need solutions! One of the solutions is to utilize Compressed Natural Gas ( CNG ) as a fuel for autos alternatively gasolene. Natural gas autos are non different from gasolene fuelled autos except that the natural gas autos are fuelled by CNG non gasolene. And its mechanism is so simple ; when u get down your engine, the CNG enters a regulator that reduces the force per unit area before come ining the fuel-injection system. The gas is so assorted with air and injected into the cylinders of the engine where it ‘s ignited by a flicker stopper ensuing in an detonation which is used to drive the Piston. CNG is non merely good for the environment but besides as for persons there are other benefits. Using CNG is a new revolution which has economical, environmental and proficient pros, yet non all people use CNG as a fuel for their autos for different grounds. CNG is rather economical ; it ‘s about tierce of the monetary value of regular gas, good intelligence for the low paid and cab drivers. Besides people who own a natural gas auto will hold some revenue enhancement inducements ; the authorities makes them pay fewer revenue enhancements as a wages for lending in protecting the environment from pollution. Further more, the cost of care of natural gas autos is really low in long term compared to that of gasolene autos. From all sides, CNG is rather more economical than gasolene. The chief advantage of utilizing CNG as a fuel is because it ‘s environmentally friendly. Since it is the cleanest firing fossil fuel, as methane Burnss cleaner than crude oil fuels. Harmonizing to a study by the Air Pollution Research Department at the National Research Center in Cairo, it was found that, â€Å" compared to petrol, CNG has a critical potency to cut down C monoxide, hydrocarbon and C dioxide concentrations in fumes released from electronic fuel-injection and well-carbureted engines by an norm of 73 per centum and 66 per centum, 39 per centum and 31 per centum and 21 per centum and 19 per centum, severally. † With these figures, CNG became a friend to the environment and people every bit good, since it causes no or less negative wellness effects than the crude oil or gasolene. Using CNG besides has some proficient advantages. CNG gives a high compaction ratio, which means that most of the fuel is burnt. The advantage of high compaction ratio is that it gives the engine a higher HP ratio ensuing in a high public presentation engine. One of the best things about CNG is that u can change over your auto to be natural gas fuelled. The transition procedure is an easy procedure ; it is merely fitting storage armored combat vehicles in the bole of the vehicle and put ining injection noses in the engine. After this U will hold a bi-fuel vehicle! Bi-fuel vehicles have the capableness to exchange between utilizing gasolene and other fuel like CNG manually or automatically to run the auto, what do we necessitate more! ! But what makes some people refuse or afraid to change over their autos to natural gas autos? Well, like everything in the universe, CNG has some disadvantages excessively. First, the transition procedure can be dearly-won as he/she will hold to purchase the transition kit and wage for the machinist who will change over it. Yes CNG is cheaper in monetary value, but this is when you replenish your auto but when it comes to transition, it can be dearly-won. Another disadvantage is†¦

Financial Institutions and Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Institutions and Organizations - Essay Example Based on this data, the authors outline the best possible way to proceed and make a series of recommendations to support their argument. The central recommendations of Barth, Caprio, and Levine are organized around five distinct characteristics. The authors assert that adherence to these required characteristics will prevent the kind of widespread crisis that has been unfolding across the world, and will impose a level of institutionalized guardianship that has been heretofore nonexistent. The first recommendation by the authors is that the authoritative institution and overseer of market regulatory agencies be â€Å"independent of short-run politics† (203). Clearly, an effective system of regulation will need to be enforced by a legitimate and separate institution that is still subject to accountability measures and inquiry by the public it serves. With massive corruption and greed being such a prominent factor in the economic collapse, this aspect of guardianship would enabl e a built-in protection for consumers, the financial sector, and the political sector alike. When there is a method for preventing unfair and inappropriate practices, all parties will benefit. Additionally, the requirement that the organization be free of political sway will allow a more consistent guardianship that is external to the ebb and flow of political events and party favoritism. The second recommendation of Barth, Caprio, and Levine is that the regulatory agency be â€Å"independent of the financial services industry† (203). This follows a similar rationale as the requirement of political independence; how could the public possibly have confidence in a financial regulatory agency if it was run from within the industry? To prevent even the perception that the agency could be influenced by the greedy and self-serving motives of the financial industry, it will have to exist entirely outside the industry. Certainly the public’s view of the collapse includes the u nderstanding that the root cause was due at least in part to the industry’s faulty self-monitoring and widespread greed. The authors’ third recommendation is that this authoritative institution should have â€Å"the power to demand and obtain information necessary for assessing and monitoring the Guardians of Finance† (203). This attribute would require transparency from the financial sector and would allow the monitoring authority to have access to accurate, current, and thorough data. This requirement would have an impact on numerous levels; first, the financial entities would act more prudently, knowing that they could be asked to share the information at any time, and second, the information in and of itself would have guaranteed accuracy and therefore a better chance to make a positive impact. Had this type of regulation been in place in the early 2000s, a better assessment of lending practices and their impact on the economy could have prevented the widesp read adaptation of loan standards that were lowered to the point of nonexistence. This institution could use the information to compile analysis but also to report back to the public in a way the public could understand. Fourth, the authors assert that the institution should contain â€Å"the multidisciplinary expertise necessary for fruitfully processing that information† (203). If the institution is comprised solely of experts in one area of finance or economics, it will not be nearly as effective as if it were well-rounded. For example, experts on the

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Research Paper Example Indeed, it was ultimately an expression of America’s character during that era. 2. The American lifestyles: Though it is a little bit hard to take this point as a form of serious criticism, most American lifestyles and way of life was so fascinating. This depicted America as being a violent country. That most Americans often feed on a constant diet of bloody television programs, movies, as well as murder mysteries (Henry, 19).These have often translated into the practical senses of Road rage, beatings, highway killings, and even murder of those who seem different. This facts and events can be drawn from accident reports, newspapers, labor statistics, and even from the local histories. 3. The entire American Revolution: This was the ultimate revolution that led to the creation of US. It started as the colonies’ political upheaval against the British Empire, and profoundly turned out towards influencing the nineteenth century Europe through demands for immediate radical social and political changes (Henry,

Gambling in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gambling in Japan - Essay Example With around more than 4000 casinos worldwide, they currently are illegal in Japan; however, the prospect of having casinos established in Japan is not as alien as some people might think it is. Casinos are just a place located in hotels, restaurants, tourist spots and even cruises that accommodate all the gambling activities under one roof. Casinos are not virtual in Japan but this is the country that originated some of the famous game such as keno; online gaming facilitates this game service. Q1) The governor of the ultra right-wing Shintaro Ishihara of the Japanese government has been trying to make casinos legal in Japan (Yang, 2006). If he becomes successful, Japanese can themselves invest in such casinos and form wholly-owned casinos of their own. However, keeping the current dilemma of the Japanese government of legalizing casinos in mind, it is easy to conclude that no Japanese will be ready to invest all his capital in such a risky business. Considering the fact that Japan is a big market for casinos, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, the US based gaming company called ‘The Gamblers’ has decided to accept the jeopardy and plough a large sum of money into casinos in Japan. The company initially had franchising in mind; but after assessing that no Japanese was ready to become the franchisee due to the risk involved, The Gamblers had to drop the plan. It was then finally decided to form a subsidiary in Japan. Since, The Gamblers will form a subsidiary from t he scratch; this investment is technically called a Greenfield venture. The advantage of this type of an investment is that The Gamblers can have whatever culture it wishes; it will keep the same structure as that of US’s and when everything is run the way we wish, high profitability is likely to occur. However, there are disadvantages attached to this too - The Gamblers will have to study the Japanese market in great depth, will need to acquire information about the market, laborers, materials, people and culture; mistakes are inevitable. The best part remains; the US Gambler will have total control over the activities. However, it was decided by the US top level management of The Gamblers that later on if any Japanese would be interested in buying shares/investing and gaining some control over the casino, US management will be open to that. It is anticipated that Japanese will be interested in investing in the casino as it will be an innovative area with a big market to inv est in. Q2) For a fact, the market demand for casinos in Japan is extremely high. Not only people but some government officials such as Ishihara are working for the legalization of casinos. According to a news article in Singapore, the Japanese gaming adviser has held talks with global casino owners such as Las Vegas Sands and Harrah's Entertainment to become Japan's first ever casino. Japan chose Las Vegas Sands because it has made an investment in Singapore too; however, it is The Gambler's aim to make sure that they become the first ever legal global casino. The Japanese market is definitely lucrative because not only is the public in favor, but even the government is inclined towards lifting the ban. The government has a tourist perspective in mind - casinos usually attract the tourist influx, causing a rise in foreign exchange earnings. Apart from the tourists, there are about 128 million people who are ready to spend money on this form of entertainment. According to a survey to find out whether people support the ban lift of casinos in Tokyo, out of a sample of 13,236 people, 32.4% supported the legalization, 21.0% opposed it, 44.9% did not know and 1.8% did not answer (Ken Y-N, 2007). With the highest per capita income in Asia of $39,195 which

Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Images - Essay Example e image and clarity of the image have been presented very well as the viewer does not take much time to visualize on the content and the composition of the image. In fact, the artist in his painting techniques had designed the image to create a sense of humor to any viewer that could be viewing the image for his work or any study purposes o any other purpose. Most of the images made by using different kind of color as this artist has used are mostly appealing to the viewers as they are simple to understand and interpret. There is less time involving in visualizing their composition. Contents and the forms of such particular images also present a cool temperature nature of the conditions they were taken. 2. The image below is that of altostratus clouds. These clouds are usually characterized by dense, gray layer cloud that is often evenly and opaquely to enable any form of a little sunshine to penetrate. In this image, the background is very dim and thereby portraying that the atmospheric perspective point from where the photograph was captured. It could have been at the very far distance or from an aerial point of view. Observers can articulate from the image that that the art of calligraphy was of low representation as it its hue is much dim. The photo seems to be from an area that had very bright light hence interfering with the color strength of the background of the product. From the look of the image, observer can represent its temperature to be that of a cool scenario due to its dimness. The artist, therefore, could have used any of the complimentary colors; that is either red and yellow or yellow and blue or yellow and violates to give the image the strongest contrast it could have. People can also see the use of pointillism when viewed from a very close range since there are some small dots that could be seen at the background of the image. The small dots that the artist used during his painting work could also create an impression on the image as of

Markteing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Markteing - Essay Example For the purpose, it is essential that the company chosen has various after-sales practises like that of warranties and post-sale service among others. The reasons why Nike is one of the most preferred brands throughout the various customer segments all across the globe can be undermined below. In brief, it can be said that the group has really leveraged the various motivational theories to form itself a strong brand of preference. The group has successfully served all the categories that effects consumer buying decision process as follows: Personal – The various factors that include with in the purview of the personal factors are like that of age, gender, race and etc. Nike has successfully catered all these points. It has its products for both the genders and almost for all the age groups that are associated with various sporting events. Psychological – The psychological factor of the consumer behaviour has many sub-factors included in it like motives, perception, knowledge and ability, personality and attitudes. It can be referred without much doubt that Nike has really met and exceeded all the psychological factors. With extensive research and development in its various products, it has gained the required knowledge and ability and aligned itself with the motivation of the athletes of performing better. Today, Nike has been a name in lifestyle and so has the required positive perception from the customers throughout the world. Social – The consumers and the prospective customers are often influenced by various external factors which can be clubbed together under the social factors. It includes the opinion leaders, influences and role played by families, culture and sub-culture, social class and the reference groups. In the modern world of tremendous competition, the onus lies on the corporate to utilise these social factors in the best way it can in its favour. And Nike has really done it commendably. The fact that the company

Leader ship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leader ship - Assignment Example Leadership is the backbone of the organization. Leaders of an organization are given the mandate of seeing into it that all the organizational operations run smoothly to ensure organizational success. Barnard (1938) defines leadership as the capability of the superior to influence the behaviour of subordinates and convince them to follow a particular strategy. Leaders should inspire confidence to their followers. Various theories have been associated with leadership and have been applied to solve difficult management issues arising in organizations. Individuals in leadership positions must posses’ vast knowledge of social behaviour of individuals or teams within the organization (Robins & Judge, 2010, p. 597). Leaders are innovators and change facilitators. Leaders are concerned with the planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. Leadership Theories/Concepts There are several leadership theories that have been proposed. They include great man theory, trait theory, behavioural theories such as the managerial grid, theory x and y, contingency theory and many others. The various leadership styles include; participative leadership, transformational leadership, situational leadership and many others. Some leaders think more about their employees than themselves. Others are more committed to their work and have excellent communication skills. For every organization to be successful the leader should show commitment to his work, communicate effectively and motivate employees to perform their tasks (Hassan & Shaw, 2012). The trait theory assumes that individuals have natural traits that help them become leaders. They believe that these merits are inheritable. These traits include intelligence, conduct, sociability, commitment, devotion, determination and perseverance and other inherit abilities (Gorman, 2004). Situational theory argues that leaders arise from different situation in individuals’ face in life. The lead ers are expected to adjust and adapt to new circumstances to be able to deal with the new situation. The path goal theory deals employees motivations so as to enable them achieve the set goals and objectives (Gorman, 2004, p.82). According to this theory leaders have the ability to improve employees’ motivation by clarifying the goals and providing the resources necessary to ensure improved employee performance and achievement of the desired goals. The contingency theories are an expansion of the situational theories. They are based on categorizing various components which can be used to foretell of the best and effective management technique to be applied in a given situation (Hassan, 2009). The Fiedler contingency model proposes that for effective group performance the leaders’ approach must match with the situation, which gives leaders some control. Fiedler tried to establish whether a person is task-oriented or rapport oriented using the LPC scores. He further iden tified three dimensions, which could be used to determine effective leadership (Robins, & Judge, 2010, p. 522). These include leader-member relations, which involves individuals levels of confidence, trust and respect individuals had in their leaders, task structure, which involves the structured and the unstructured degree of job assignments position power which measures the degree of influence a leader has in relation to

Human Resources - Riordan Problem Solution Paper and Defense Essay

Human Resources - Riordan Problem Solution Paper and Defense - Essay Example al analysis and discussion of the human resource management problems in Riordan Manufacturing with a view of proposing the most effective measures of solving the company’s human resource problems and thus enabling it to maintain its competitiveness within the market. The analysis of the current situation at Riordan including stakeholder dilemmas is presented within the paper. An end state vision is also given for the company with identification and analysis of its alternative solution. The paper further recommends the optimal solution and an evaluation of results. Even though performance based compensation strategy may prove advantageous to an organization, there are other social and economic factors which affect the performance of employees which must be considered in compensation them (Dan, Alina and Oana, 2011) Proper employee compensation will prevent loss of valuable employees to business competitors who could be offering higher salaries to their employees. As such adequate compensation plays the role of decreasing employee turnover in significant percentage (Johnson, 2012). It is through redesigning the job structure and specifically defining the roles and obligations of all employees in work activities that the company would utilize the opportunity of implementing the most appropriate job design Organizations are mandated to draft an appropriate job design which will enable employees to identify their job specifications, role and activities. This is because a poor job design leads to a situation where employees are made to perform tasks which they are not skilled or knowledgeable to perform and as a result killing their morale (CÄ ±nar, Bektas and Aslan, 2011) After the analysis of the employee salaries through surveys buy the human resource management team, the results of the surveys must be implemented for an organization to be able to solve any crisis which affects its employees (Khan, Riaz and Rashid, 2011) Riordan has registered declining sales

Nursing Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Students - Essay Example The title could do a little revision though to make it appear scholarly. In its abstract, it has identified a total sample population of n=197 whereby only 6% creates the sample size. The sample is too small to reflect the subject population thereby the confidence level is heighten too actively. The chances of error are so remote here. But it has been noted that in determining a sample size for a given level of accuracy, the worst case of 50% should be used. Type of sampling employed and how the respondents were selected among the school's total population of 424 undergraduate students was derived. Such information vital to the methods used in the analysis of data was not identified in the abstract nor in its methodology. Kidder relates that, "a critical portion of a research study is the portion on the instruments used to gather data". Validity of the conclusion derived out of the statistical instruments depends greatly on its characteristics. Therefore the questionnaire used as the main tool in this research should be attached in the bibliography subject to further studies and referencing. Reliability which refers to the extent of an instrument's consistency should be able to elicit the same response when applied to respondents. Since such document is not identified nor presented in this article, its validity and reliability cannot be substantiated and investigated. Over-all evaluation of the instrument cannot be conducted at this moment. The quantitative results of data gathered does not clearly correlate with the problem encountered and stated in the sense that it has focused on the end result of treatment intervention as its instrumentation rather than on the smoking patterns and behavior itself and the possible effects of implementing a certain kind of treatment intervention. Works Cited Kidder, Louise H.1981). "Research Methods in Social Relations.". New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston. Works Cited Marx,Karl. "Capitalism and Alienation" 2004.Faculty.fostburg. edu. 07 Mar,

The Effects on GPA Essay Example for Free

The Effects on GPA Essay The academic performance of high school students always constitute a major source of concern for educational practitioners as a result, any factor that could potentially improve this performance is worth considering (Everson and Roger, 2005). The importance of high school education derives from the fact that it provides an essential platform for academic and non academic accomplishments, psychological growths, the foundation for subsequent higher education and future life (Marsh and Kleitman, 2002). Consequent upon this perceived importance, factors that could potentially inhibit or improve high school students performance are worthy of in depth investigation. One such factor that has been shown to considerably influence high school performance is the participation in extra curricular activities. To a large extent, participation in extracurricular activities in high school is generally considered as a vital component of the educational experience (Galiher, 2006). However, the influence of participation in extracurricular activities has not been clearly defined. While some studies have linked positive academic outcomes with extracurricular activities, such as the study carried out by Cairns, Farmer, and Mahoney (2003); others have shown that there exist no significant relationships and even in some cases, some studies have reported negative relationship. As a result, the effect of extracurricular activities on high students performance has become a topic of educational, political, and community debate for more than a century (Marsh and Kleitman, 2002: 465). This paper intends to contribute to this debate by reviewing the several literatures on the topic. Historical Overview Fujita (2005) noted that the early adoption and development of extracurricular activities in high schools was slow. During those early years, most educators saw it as a fad that will fade away with time. For example, Marsh and Kleitman (2002) observed that before the turn of the twentieth century, educators were critical of participation in school extracurricular activities. To these early educators, high schools should be focused on solely on narrowly defined academic outcomes, because, non academic activities were believed to be primarily recreational and of no educational value. Some even contented that such recreational activities could be detrimental to the academic performance of high students. As a result, extracurricular activities participation for high students was discouraged in the early 1900s. Burnett (2000) provides an indepth review of the history and early developments of extracurricular activities in high schools. However, over the course of the last couple of decades, educational practitioners and researchers have adopted a more positive perspective of extracurricular activities; with most of then contending that these activities positively impact psychological developments of students and at the same time help improve academic performance. This change in perception is not unrelated to the large and growing body of research that have continually examined the links and relationships between extracurricular activities and academic performance of students using a wide array of research methods and tools. To a large extent, the bulk of studies conducted on this topic over the course of time point to a positive relationship between extracurricular activities and a host of academic, social and psychological outcomes, while very few of these studies report negative relationship. However, the primary problem with research in this field is that researchers have often adopted different variables in different research methods making generalization of the effects of extracurricular activities on academic and social performance of high students difficult to make. Relevant Theoretical Literature The basic theoretical framework that underlies the various studies carried out in this field involves correlating students’ academic performance with their participation or lack of, in extracurricular activities. For example, in Galiher (2006), the author collated data about the various extracurricular activities present in a particular high school and the list of students that participate in these activities. The grade point averages (GPA) and cumulative grade point averages (CGPA) for these students was also collated and participation in extracurricular activities was then correlated with students’ academic performance. The basic idea, generally, is that if participation in extracurricular activities positively impacts academic performance, then students involved with these activities would perform better academically, when other factors, such as age, IQ, gender, socio economic status etc have been controlled for. Analyzing the commonly used methodological designs in studying the relationship between social and academic performance and participation in extracurricular activities, Marsh and Kleitman (2002) observed that there are three research designs often employed by researchers. The first involve a one-time data collection research design that correlates extracurricular activities with the selected outcome variables. The second also involved a one-time data collection design, but controls for background variables such as socioeconomic status, gender, and age before correlating extracurricular activities participation with the selected outcome variables; while the third framework involve longitudinal studies where the same outcome variable are measured on multiple occasions so that the actual effect of extracurricular activities on the selected outcome variables are estimated after controlling for earlier outcomes (Marsh and Kleitman, 2002). While, according to Marsh and Kleitman, all of these frameworks are not perfect, they have all been used to show positive relationship between extracurricular activities and social and academic variables. Relevant Research In researching the relationships between extracurricular activities and students academic outcomes, researchers have sought to delineate what constitutes extracurricular activity. In this light, extracurricular activities have been broadly divided into in-school and out-of-school activities. The divisions are self descriptive. Furthermore, out-of-school activities can be subdivided into structured and leisure activities. While structured activities have been described as activities that require active effort from the participating parties and provide an environment for expression of ones identity or interest in sports, performing arts, academic, and leadership activities(Eccles and Barber, 1999 quoted in Marsh and Kleitman, 2002), leisure activities are activities that enjoyable but not demanding (Marsh and Kleitman, 2002) e. g. driving around or talking to friends. Extracurricular activities have also been grouped into formal and non-formal activities (Fujita, 2005). Here, formal activities refer to all structured and organized activity, irrespective of whether it is in-school or out-of-school, while non-formal activities refers basically to out-of-school leisure activities. From this classification, the influences of extracurricular activities on academic performance can be streamlined. For example, it is only reasonable that in-school structured activities will better influence academic outcomes and thus increase GPA than out-of-school activities. In this sense, Gerber (1996) investigating the relationship between academic outcomes and the two type of extracurricular activities reported that there is a greater and more significant positive correlation between in-school extracurricular activity participation and GPA than for out-of school structured activities. This distinction between extracurricular activities notwithstanding, there is ample research studies that point to the academic and social utility of extracurricular activities. In one of the early definitive studies carried out in this field, Marsh (1992) using a large longitudinal study that investigated the social and academic performance of students while in school and two years after graduation, reported that students who participated in extracurricular activities were more likely to have higher school satisfaction, higher internal locus of control meaning that students felt more in control of their lives; higher social and academic self-concepts; and higher educational and occupational aspirations in school and two years after completing high school (Marsh, 1999; Marsh and Kleitman, 2002). Several other studies have reported a positive correlation between participation in extracurricular activities and academic performance. For instance, Marsh and Kleitman after reviewing several previous studies observed that extracurricular activities help in building and strengthening academic performance, even if the activities are not obviously related to academic subjects. Darling, Caldwell, and Smith (2005) after an extensive longitudinal study reported that students who participated in school-based extracurricular activities had higher grades compared to those who were not involved in any extracurricular activity. In a more specific study, Galiher (2006) investigated the relationship between students participation in extracurricular activities and their current grade point averages and cumulative grade point averages. The author did not only investigate this relationship, data was also analyzed to see if there existed grade point increments with increasing participation in more than one extracurricular activities. The author concluded that Not only was the analysis consistent with the correlation data but also showed very clearly that students who were participating in one or more activity were getting better grades than students who were not involved in any school activities. The mean grade point average for students who participated in one or more activities was approximately one grade point higher than students who were not involved, which is equivalent to one letter grade (Galiher, 2006: 11-12). This study showed, definitely, that there is a positive relationship between students’ participation in extracurricular activities and their academic performance (indicated by the GPA) and that with increasing participation, students are more likely to get higher grades. Implications for Practice With the decreasing educational achievement recorded in schools nationwide, educational practitioners and researchers are under pressure to find ways to better improve the performance recorded in schools. With this increasing pressure on educators to perform, any factor that shows potential of improving academic performance deserves serious attention. Again, with the decrease in funding available for public schools, coupled with the poor performance of schools, educational decision makers are often under intense pressure to make decisions concerning the continuance or removal of academic and extracurricular programs. From the above, it is apparent that research studies indicating positive correlation between participation in extracurricular activities have two major implications. First, it provides educators with a valid instrument for increasing the academic performance of students. The knowledge that students achieve greater academic and social outcomes with increase participation in extracurricular activities will definitely prompt educational practitioners to promote healthy and effective extracurricular activities tool for enhancing academic achievements. Two, it make the decision process easier for educational decision makers who have to decide concerning the continuation of extracurricular programs. Instead of rationalizing the removal or continuance extracurricular programs, decision makers will be more productively engaged with how to better harness the potentials of these programs. Implications for Inquiry Despite the several positive implications of extracurricular activities that have been reported in several studies, one major that deserves further investigation was raised by Hunt (2005). After studying the relationship between extracurricular activities and academic performance, the author reported no positive outcome, instead, he argued individuals who were academically sound at earlier ages were more likely to participate in extracurricular activities raising the question of whether extracurricular activities indeed influence academic performance or is a result of it. This area still deserves further study. Summary It has been argued that high school experiences provide an essential platform for academic and non academic accomplishments, psychological growths, the foundation for subsequent higher education and future life. Thus, any factor that could possibly influence students ability to perform their best while in high school is worth investigating. Extracurricular activities constitute one of the factors that have been shown to influence students performance in high school. In this paper, several literatures on this topic were reviewed. To a large extent, it was shown that extracurricular activities participation improves students academic performance. Thus, students that participate in one or more extracurricular activities were more likely to have higher GPAs compared to students that did not participate at all. Work Cited Burnett, M. A. (2000). One strike and youre out: An analysis of no pass/no play policies. High School Journal, 84(2): 1-6. Cairns, B. , Farmer, T. , and Mahoney, J. (2003). Promoting interpersonal competence and educational success through extracurricular activity participation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95: 409-419. Eccles, J. S. , and Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14: 10-43. Fujita, K (2005). The Effects of Extracurricular Activities on the Academic Performance of Junior High Students. The Masters College. Available at http://www. kon. org/urc/v5/fujita. html [Accessed June 21, 2008]. Everson, T H and Roger E. M (2005). Everyone Gains: Extracurricular Activities in High School and Higher SATÂ ® Scores. College Board Research Report No. 2005-2. Galiher, S (2006). Understanding The Effect Of Extracurricular Involvement. Thesis. School of Education, Indiana University, South Bend. Marsh, H. W. (1992). Extracurricular activities: Beneficial extension of the traditional curriculum or subversion of academic goals? Journal of Educational Psychology, 84: 553-562. Marsh, W. H and Kleitman S (2002). Extracurricular school activities: The good, the bad, and the nonlinear. Harvard Educational Review, 72(4): 464-510. McNeal, B. R (1995). Extracurricular Activities and High School Dropouts. Sociology of Education, 68(1): 62-80.

Barilla Spa A Essay Example for Free

Barilla Spa A Essay Barilla SpA, an Italian pasta manufacturer is experiencing problems in manufacturing and distribution systems caused by fluctuations in demand. To eliminate these difficulties Giorgio Maggiali, the Chief of Barilla’s Logistics Department, has been trying to implement the Just-In-Time-Distribution, further referred as JITD, system proposed by his predecessor Brando Vitali. JITD can be called a remake of popular â€Å"Just-In-Time† manufacturing concept. Although Maggiali has been trying to convince his consumers that the JITD would definitely work, he has not made much progress. The program was met with significant resistance by the distributors and Barilla’s own Sales and Marketing organizations. Now Maggiali is looking for possible solutions of the problem. In the following analysis we will provide recommendations, which will help Barilla to successfully implement the JITD system and thus decrease its costs, increase efficiencies and its profits. Introduction Barilla SpA was founded in 1975 by Pietro Barilla. From a small shop in Palma, Italy, it became a large, vertically integrated corporation with mills, plants and factories located throughout the Italy. Barilla’s success highly depended on its’ quality of product and innovative marketing programs, which created strong brand name. The company was sold to Grace Inc. in 1971, because the building of a huge plant in Perdignano drove the owners â€Å"deeply into debt†. Grace brought additional capital investment and professional manag Barilla SpA Case Study The biggest challenge facing Giorgio Maggiali and Barilla SpA is the mounting burden that fluctuations of demand have placed on Barillas’ manufacturing and distribution methods, and whether or not to implement a Just-in-Time Distribution (JITD) system for their distributers. The implementation of Just in Time Distribution would allow for a more efficient process for getting the products to the end user when and where they are needed. Solution #1: To implement Just in Time Distribution. For this to succeed, Mr. Maggiali as the director of logistics for Barilla will need to be personally and intimately involved and partner with Mr. DiMaria who is in charge of sales for Barilla and to obtain the support from their own sales reps. Barilla will need to pull the sales reps in for training on how implementing JITD would benefit their accounts, Barilla SpA and themselves. The sales reps will need to â€Å"sell† their customers on this idea and to shift the mentality of their distributers away from â€Å"this is the way we have always done it† and for them to be amiable to exploring new and more efficient ways to replenish their stock. Pro: Barilla would more easily be able to control their manufacturing process and greatly reduce production overruns and stock outs thus enable to pass cost savings onto their distributors. Con: Resistance from the distributors to change may continue. Their distributer may ask â€Å"why is that a concern of mine? † I just want the product I want when I want it. Con: Will incur costs to purchase or develop software needed to gather and correlate sales information. Pro: The initial cost for software development will be offset by savings in lost sales opportunity, reductions in buybacks and an overall increase in productivity and sales. Barilla already has much of the needed data pertaining to sales to the distributers. Con: Customers may be resistant to providing their sales and customer base data to Barilla. Pro: Barilla Sp Company Overview Barilla Spa is a large vertically integrated family owned largest pasta producer in Italy. Its operations are divided into seven divisions: three Pasta divisions, the bakery products division, the Fresh Bread division, the Catering division and the International division. Barilla products were sold through three types of retail outlet: small independent grocers, supermarket chains, and independent supermarkets. Products were sold through CDCs and through intermediate distribution channels. Fresh products were sold through a network of brokers. Inventory levels in the supply were high with larger levels of stock held for dry pasta since its shelf life was high as compared to wet pasta. Barilla enjoyed a strong brand image in Italy. Its marketing and sales strategy was based upon a combination of advertising and promotions. Also distributors can buy as much product as they want to for meeting their demand at the discount offered by the company. Barilla produced two major kinds of products:- a) Dry Products- These include dry pasta, cookies, biscuits, flour, bread sticks and dry toasts. These make 75% of the Barilla sales. They had long shelf lives of 18-24 months or medium shelf lives of 10-12 weeks depending on the product type. b) Fresh products- These include fresh pasta products with 21 day shelf life and bread with 1 day shelf life. Issues Faced The company was suffering from the following problems: 1. Variability in demand- This lead to operational inefficiencies on the part of the company. 2. Inventory Management- The company produced over 800 SKUs, most of which had long or medium shelf lives, thus could be easily stored up at the company warehouse or with the distributors. During periods of low demand, high inventory holding costs had to be incurred. 3. Stock outs- This was one of the major problems which Barilla faced. Many of the distributors were not able to cater to the demands of the retailers during times of high demand. This time B Thoughts on Supply Chain Management The JITD program was supposed to tackle the uneven distribution workload Barilla encountered with its distributors. In order to achieve this, better demand forecast was needed with the support of the distributors. Benefits of the program are below. Barilla’s own logistics organization would be allowed to specify the appropriate delivery quantities that would more effectively meet the end consumer’s needs It would also allow Barilla to distribute the workload on manufacturing and logistics systems more evenly Drawbacks of the program are below. Higher investment costs such as training Since JITD is a new concept, and has not tried out before, there is a risk that serious errors may occur during the implementation process, and this would ruin all previous efforts The value chain consists of five major components, and it can be represented as SIPOC, where S is Supplier, I Input, P Production, O Output and C Customer. Between C and P, there are also the distributors, wholesalers and retailers. It is almost impossible to develop an accurate sales forecast because the market is constantly changing. Factors affecting the market situation are also changing. Without an accurate sales forecast, it is difficult to achieve JIT. This is basically a paradox. No enterprise is able to develop an accurate sales forecast, and without an accurate sales forecast, it is not possible to achieve JIT. Is there really no way out? How about Dell? Dell basically builds computers on a BTO (build-to-order) basis, and this makes JIT possible. But how many enterprises can really deliver products on a BTO basis? What are the requirements to produce on a BTO basis? Barilla definitely was not one of them. Communication here is the critical success factor. The supplier, in this case, Barilla, has to collect information from the distributor, and the distributor has to be able to collect information from the wholesaler, and then the wholesaler has to d

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay Car sales, close to 8 lakh units a year, are growing at an average rate of 10 per cent while two-wheeler sales at 5 million are expected to grow 14-15 per cent. In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop their infrastructure roads, flyovers, car parks and other facilities. Otherwise their arteries are most likely to get clogged like they do in big and mini metros.   One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximise car parking capacity by utilising vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. Although at a nascent stage in India, it is one of the options to decongest roads and solve parking problems.   However, with land in metros and A grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller, conventional parking is proving infeasible. Sometimes soil conditions rule out excavation for multiple basements, or multiple RCC parking slabs take total building height beyond permissible limits. Sometimes it is found that the ramp or car lifts eat up much parking area that no increase in parking capacity is possible. In such case, mechanised car parking systems make creation of extra parking capacity feasible. So far three types of mechanised car parking systems puzzle, tower and mini have been operating in India. In each of these, the car is always parked or retrieved at one level only, and the stationary vehicle is carried to different levels in steel pallets.   The number of vehicles in metros is approaching one million mark. Mumbai has over 13 lakh vehicles, and up to 200 are added everyday. Suburbia Mall, Kalptaru Builders, and Evershine Builders in Mumbai are equipped with multi-level car parking system. Even towns like Chittorgarh and Jaipur are interested in multi-level car parking (also called elevated car parking system).   The puzzle system is configurable and module capacity can vary. For instance, car parking space meant for two cars can accommodate three cars. The optimum capacity of the tower type system is 50 meant for three. Fully automatic systems generally cater to higher capacities per unit. Since conventional multi-level car parks have a clear height of 9 ft. to 10 ft. above each level, they can accommodate Small Utility Vehicles also.   The mechanised system does not cater to these. It is possible to customise systems to accommodate SUVs, but it has not been done so far. Any decent capacity parking plan invariably has ground parking slots (where no mechanized system can fit), and these usually suffice for the proportion of SUVs, says Rajeev Goel, CEO, Kinetic Escalator Elevator Ltd. Depending on the type of system and order size, the mechanised parking systems installed by Kinetic cost from Rs 2 to 3.5 lakh per car. A semi-mechanised (valet parking) option is also available per car cost under one lakh. Depending on the type, its configuration and position of the pallet, it takes half to two-and-half minutes from the press of a button to an approaching car to the drive way level to park a car on it or drive away the car parked on it.   Parking charges depend on what the user is wiling to pay, and whether he has an option to park nearby without paying. A parking slot may be permanently allotted/sold/leased to the built-up area buyer/lessee. Where an owner can charge parking fees by the hour, the fee depends on demand and supply of parking space, not on the parking system. It can vary from Rs 2 a day to Rs 25 an hour.   Many state governments and civic bodies, and some Central government departments are aware of these systems and are expected to give them push. Some civic bodies have liberalised bylaws to enable builders to maximise parking capacity in their projects. Some civic bodies have also floated BoT or like tenders inviting private investment in maximising public parking capacity, according to Goel. The government shouldnt allow parking on roads, states Shree Gopal Kabra, President, Ram Ratna Group.   Goel is quite confident that the demand for car parks is an integral part of a residential or commercial complex, rather than an independent commercial venture. However, it may take years before parking fees in India reach a level at which the investment in these systems and their maintenance cost can be recovered from parking fees alone. Kabra says that a multi-level car parking system will be a success in commercial layouts. One has to club towers with ad revenues or with some other alternatives like commercial activities so that the revenue keeps flowing to the owners who implement car parking systems. Design Image of the inside of a multi-storey car park Movement of vehicles between floors can be effected by: interior ramps the most common type exterior ramps which may take the form of a circular ramp (colloquially known as a whirley-gig in America) vehicle lifts the least common In locations where the car park is built on sloping land, the car park may be split-level. Many car parks are independent buildings that are dedicated exclusively to that use. The design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they serve (50 psf versus 80 psf), leading to long floor spans of 55-60 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between. The most common structural systems in the United States for these structures are either prestressed concrete concrete double tee floor systems or post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete floor systems. In recent times, car parks built to serve residential and some business properties are built as part of a larger building, and often are built underground as part of the basement. Motorcycle parking inside a multi-storey car park Car parks which serve shopping centres can sometimes be built adjacent to the shopping centre so as to effect easier access at each floor between shops and parking. One example is the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, which has two large car parks attached to the building at the eastern and western ends of the mall. Another common position for car parks within shopping centres in the UK is on the roof, around the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the centre. Examples of such are The Oracle in Reading and Festival Place in Basingstoke. Automated parking Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total costs. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed. Automated car parks rely on similar technology that is used for mechanical handling and document retrieval. The driver leaves the car in an entrance module. It is then transported to a parking slot by a robot trolley. For the driver, the process of parking is reduced to leaving the car inside an entrance module. At peak periods a wait may be involved before entering or leaving. The wait is due to the fact that loading passengers and luggage occurs at the entrance and exit location rather than at the parked stall. This loading blocks the entrance or exit from being available to others. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and number of exits. Advantages: The advantages of this can be seen immediately: there is no room to build conventional multi-storey car parks above ground in the areas they are required, and under-street parking is actually more cost effective than other schemes on a per parking space basis. In addition, an automatic system brings significant savings in engineering because elevators, ramps, stairways, lighting and ventilation do not need to be provided to the same extent. The construction, however, also means the transfer of sewer, storm drains and water services from beneath the centre of the road to conduits at the side of the roads. PARKING PROCESS Cars (maximum dimension 5.25m long, 2.2m wide and 1.7m high) must be driven to one of four receiving stations (marked A to D), the entry to which is actuated by a control device which responds to a transponder chip held in the car by the user. On gaining entry the driver proceeds to correctly position / park the car on a transfer ramp and then locks and leaves the vehicle. A combination of laser scanners and light barriers will then examine the car for its positioning and dimensions. The elevator ramp is then actuated and the car is raised to its parking level and stored (cars are parked side by side). In July 2007 the Wà ¶hr Multiparker 740 equipped garage was given the ADAC Award (German Automobile Association) for the best use of space, security and reliability. On returning, the driver comes to the same transfer station (they may pay by credit card at an automated paying station) and the car will be retrieved from its storage level according to the transponder chip still held by the driver. The car is retrieved on its transfer pallet and the driver simply drives away through automated exit gates. The pallet has a lighting system which illuminates the area for two minutes while the driver gets into the car. Customer help is available via an intercom system 24 hours per day in case of breakdowns or unforeseen problems. If a car is not retrieved for its owner within two hours then the owner receives compensation from the parking operator. PROJECT 1: TECHNOLOGY TYPE SIMPARK (Completed in November, 2001) CALCUTTA, INDIA We make Calcuttans proud by introducing the Worlds First Fully Automatic Mechanized Public Multi-Level Car Parking System on a Curve, at the intersection of Park Street-Rawdon Street crossing, in a Joint Venture with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The ground plus two-storied computer based system, accommodates upto three times more than conventional parking. The system at Rawdon Street has been constructed to provide car-parking facility for around 210 cars on a ground area of 1260 Sq. Mtrs. Each row can individually hold on average 73 numbers of cars. The system is operated from both the ends of the structure. Each lift lobby having its own individually control panel and ticketing system. However, one can park and retrieve his/ her car from either end and vice versa. A steel pallet is designated for every car slot in the system. Whenever a car needs to be parked, the ticketing button is pressed and the entrance gate opens only after a pallet has been delivered. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional as nobody can go inside the system and your car is safe as in a vault), and walks out of the system. The tickets to the system is a simple the magnetic strip cards, which the ticket attendant swipes. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. One must remember not to lose the magnetic card as it contains information on the parked vehicle. Technologies : Simpark The beauty of this Parking system is inherent in its intrinsic simplicity. It is a modular Lego like system and therefore can be adapted to fit any size or shape of plot. Each grid has an independent lift and each floor or array of cars has its independent carrier. For every car to be parked in the system, there is a steel pallet designated when a car is to be parked, on a button being punched the entrance gate opens. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional), and walks out of the system. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. Uniquely designed lift, enables carriers to pass through lift shaft, when lift is not in the specific floor. More than one lift can be placed in each row at either end, or in the middle as required. THE PARKING PROCEDURE The PLC system computer decides, which floor, which and slot the pallet with the car is to be placed is to be parked on. Accordingly, the pallet with the car placed on it is taken up with the help of the vertical elevator system to the desired floor. The next step is that on reaching the particular floor the carrier system picking up picks up the pallet along with the car, and moving it horizontally along the structure over the other vehicles to the place assigned by the computerit slowly lowers it into the slot assigned by the system. It should be made quite clear here, that the height of each floor, is a little more than twodouble the cars height, so that the carrier transports the car above the already parked cars. Retrieval of parked cars is precisely the same operation, but in the reverse order. When the driver comes to collect his car, he gives the ticket/magnetic card, which was given to him on parking. The card is swiped and; automatically the bill for parking is generated for payment. Simultaneously the computer has issued the order for retrieval. Carrier picks up the relevant pallet, transports it over other cars and places it on the elevator. The elevator brings down the pallet. On retrieval retrieval, through a turntable, the pallet takes a turn and keeps the car is in a drive-out position. The Main gates opens automatically, driver walks in and drives out in his carfor the driver to drive out his car. The Gate close automatically and the system is on standby for the next requests. The entire system can operate, with just one ticket attendant in each lobby. In case of the remote eventuality of any problem, the same shall be reflected immediately in the master computer in the control room and the fault rectified within minutes. SERVICES OFFERED 1. Night parking. 2. Multiple Entry and Exit facilities. 3. Provision for long term booking of parking slots. 4. ATM and Vending Machine. 5. Public Call Booth. 6. Front / Backlit show windows for corporate and product advertising CONSTRUCTION DETAILS We have used RCC grid of Concrete Column and Beam only for the parking tower. There are no slabs for the parking tower. Top Roof is done with coated G.I. Sheets simply supported by Crush Structures. The structure has been designed for required dead load lift load as per I.S. Standard. Necessary construction instructions as per I.S. Construction have been provided. Elevators have been placed at both the end of the structures. The Control Panel with P.L.Cs will control the movement of the elevator and Electronic devices. Fire fighting with sprinklers system has been provided. The fire fighting system has been divided into various zones. Wet risers have also been provided. Other details have been met as per fire laws and by-laws. Round the clock, security cameras have been provided for recording the vehicles entering and exiting the system. These security cameras would also be utilized for recording the movement of people in the entire compound. Managing of a Multilevel Parking Lot using IPv6 Problem with multilevel parking lot now To find a parking space in a crowded multilevel parking facility now, the driver must be lurking around while driving. Even if not speeding, this is very dangerous. The possibility that a accident resulting in injury or death could happen is very high here. To solve this problem If a parking space at a multilevel parking lot can be found without the driver lurking around, the number of accidents can be decreased. So, I thought of attaching each curb at the parking space with a sensor using IPv6. And the open space can be checked at the entrance of the parking lot, and reach there without the driver lurking around. How to use IPv6 1) Each curb at the parking space is attached with a sensor by IPv6. First, each curb is attached with a sensor so the position and floor of the place open can be known. 2) The open space can be known by the screen placed at the entrance of the parking lot, using a sensor. Another problem If a car ahead of you parks at the place you were think of parking, this system will be useless. To solve this problem When deciding where to park at the entrance of the parking lot, a simple reservation is made, so the next person knows that the place is taken. By doing so, the driver does not have to lurk around when a person ahead of you parks at the spot he/she was thinking of parking. Image of Screen at Parking Entrance R e d- -The sensor shows that there is a car. B l u e- -It is open now, but the person ahead of you is trying to park there. White- -The space is open. The screen is a touch panel, and reservation can be done by pressing the screen, and the status of the 3rd, 4th, and all floors can be checked By making this facility, accidents at parking lots will decrease In the limelight Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one station. Hi-tech bay: Cars at the underground parking lot built by Simpark Infrastructure at the New Market complex in Kolkata. The facility will be opened to the public on April 20. Kolkata April 15 Simpark Infrastructure (P) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Simplex Projects Ltd, braving several odds has just completed an underground modern automated car parking system at one of the most congested areas of the city the New Market complex, a relic of the Raj to which all Kolkatans are emotionally attached. A trip to the Market for pre-Christmas shopping is a must for both young and old. The engineering marvel 30 ft below the ground has been achieved without disturbing the red brick-stoned heritage New Market structure facing the southern faà §ade, including the fabulous clock tower to the left. Initially planned as a multi-level car park above ground, the BOT project, facing stiff resistance from the market shop establishments, was shifted below with a shopping mall at the minus one level and the actual gantry system car parking at the minus two level. Sheet piling over a period of 18 months was done to safeguard the old buildings facing the market complex. Top down construction method has been adopted (no cannibalisation of the top surface), and the gantry system can be accessed through five entry points (gates) for cars to be placed on pallets, which will take them down to the designated parking slot. Fully computerised, there will be just one person each at the entry point to operate the system, and car recovery is said to take just 90 seconds. Showpiece Cited as Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system, the project, commissioned by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), according to Mr B.K. Mundhra, Chairman and Managing Director of Simplex Projects, was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. He said the Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one stations. Talking to Business Line on the various challenges faced during the four-year construction period of the Rs 34-crore BOT project (with a 20-year concession period) by the Simpark engineering team, Mr Mundhra said the company has been able to just about break-even. The gain for us is the immense satisfaction of having completed such a difficult project in a small stretch (just 40,000 sq ft), capable of accommodating some 280 cars. He said the KMC would get 5 per cent of the parking fees, which is projected to be around Rs 2.5 lakh annually. The main earning for KMC will be through secondary basic rent from shop owners in the plaza. This is expected to yield annually around Rs 10 lakh for KMC while providing hassle-free parking for Kolkatans. Some 150 shop owners are said to have booked space at the plaza. Asked on Simparks future plans, Mr Mundhra said the company was planning to enter the semi-automatic private retail parking segment with the Intelligent Cubicle Sliding system, for which it has entered into a strategic tie-up with a Korean company. He said orders for prototypes of the compact system, which can be installed easily at building sites to fulfil private parking needs, have already been placed. A base level model, for holding some 8-10 cars, may cost anything between Rs 1.75 lakh and Rs 2.5 lakh.

The Unreality of MTVs The Real World Essay -- Media Television MTV Re

The Unreality of MTV's The Real World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"This is the true story, of seven strangers, picked to live in a house, and have their lives taped, to find out what happens when people stop being polite, and start getting real†(MTV). This marks the beginning of MTV’s reality show, The Real World. The show takes 7 strangers, puts them in a trendy luxurious home, taping them 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for about 4 months. The cameras capture petty arguments, late night hook ups, and pure laziness. How could this not be real? There are not many people that can live in an expensive home while laying around all day, and partying all night with little work involved. The Real World is a display of 18-24 year olds, typecasted to have their most extreme stereotypical qualities blown out of proportion for the world to see.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Real World gives the viewer a false outlook on life. Sure there are a select few that have the opportunity to live lavishly with little to no responsibilities, but that is a small percentage. The show depicts the cast lounging around in their up scale home all day, then going out to amazing night clubs drinking enormous amounts of alcohol through out the night. Many of the cast members wake up in the afternoon hours only to repeat this process. In reality the world does not work like this. Many people have to work one to three jobs just to get by leaving no room for lounging and bar hopping.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The show is geared towards teens and college students, filling their heads with false outlooks on life. Not only does it depict laziness, it is a good display of immoral behavior.â€Å"Advertising and movies send kids the message that smoking and drinking make a person sexy or cool and that everyone does it†(AAP). In almost every episode there are hook ups, or confessions of wanting to sleep with a roommate. The show puts all 18-24 year olds in the â€Å"party† category, even though not everyone is like that. Stereotypically, young adults are supposed to be lazy, party animals unsure about their future. I feel there are many more young adults taking the academic route, trying to make a good future for themselves.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of The Real World cast members are put into a mold. The producers will not admit doing this, but the cast members turn into characters throughout the show. If you look at past seasons there is always the gay person, ethn... ...ws. How real can you get when you are not even seeing their whole stay. Many of the episodes are different scenes just blended together, you could be watching a scene from the first two weeks of their stay along with one from the last two weeks of their stay and not even know it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Real World is not a good learning tool unless you are wanting to know how to stereotype people. This show will fill your head false preconceptions of a group of individuals. There are already enough discriminatory problems in the world today, why make it worse? If you want to know how to be lazy all day and party all night, watch The Real World. If you want to fill your head with false hopes and dreams of living in luxury with out working a real job, watch The Real World. Do you want your children thinking it is ok to party or hook up with random people? The Real World needs to start putting real people on their shows and stop creating characters based on how society views a group of people. Works Cited Berkowitz, Carol. American Academy of Pediatrics: Dedicated to the Health of all Children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Academy of Pediatrics. 8 Dec. 2004 MTV Networks. The Real World. 8 Dec. 2004

Female Deceit and Gender Bias in Death :: Feminism Feminist Papers

Female Deceit and Gender Bias in Death Death is the end to the natural cycle of life and is represented as dark, melancholic and even menacing. The underworld is depicted as a murky and sinister realm where the dead are trapped in a world of eternal darkness. Ancient drama, however, defies the conventional perceptions and representations of death. Despite the foreboding associated with it, characters in ancient drama embrace death in its frightening glory, rather than face the repercussions of their actions, especially when their honor and pride are at stake. Deceit is also an integral part of ancient drama and characters, particularly women, fall prey to it and unwittingly unleash chaos that more often that, negatively impacts the lives of the characters. This paper demonstrates how gender biases can be interpreted from the depiction of death and the characters’ justifications of it in two of Sophocles’ plays – Ajax and Women of Trachis and also demonstrates how female deception le ads to the death of the principal character(s). Interestingly, the concepts of death and deceit are intertwined. Deceit often leads to death and illustrates gender bias in even the portrayal of death. The woman’s suicide is almost always portrayed as the coward’s way out of a difficult situation, whereas the man embraces death in order to keep intact his pride and glory, being even braver in death than in life. In both instances of male and female death, female deception plays a vital role and the woman is frequently responsible for creating the unsavory situation. Warrior pride plays a vital role in Ajax, eventually propelling the hero to his death. Ajax is portrayed as an accomplished and mighty warrior, eulogized by even his worst enemy, Odysseus, as â€Å"The bravest man I ever saw / except for Achilles, the best and bravest who ever came to Troy† (Aj. 66, 83-85). Ajax’s whole sense of self is shattered in one swift moment of induced madness by Athena. She uses her divine powers and tricks him into confusing sheep as member of his army. Ajax seeking revenge on his army, slaughters the sheep, believing them to be the generals of his army and their followers, who had wronged him.

Meditation: The Balance of Life Essay -- Religion, Buddhism, Hinduism,

All throughout history Buddhist monks and the eastern religion have been performing meditation, but recently anyone has been trying it. Meditation is a practice that someone may train their mind to be in a state of consciousness that benefits their mind and body. Meditation is about paying attention, focusing and being very calm. It sharpens creativity and performance while enhancing relationships. Meditators find when they stop taking things in life so seriously, the self drops away. They are more direct and absorb life easier. (Ellison 3) Meditation has been around for thousands of years. In every religion, the instructions for meditating are the same, only the words differ. There are two major types of meditation that may benefit the user. By meditating the human mind may find peace and enhancement of mental activity and awareness. It's very simple to do, and only takes a small amount of your time a day. (Roach 3) Meditation originated in the eastern religion with Buddhism and Hinduism. Monks have meditated their whole life, through time, helping them become better people. Tibetans and the Dalai Lama have been performing meditation intensely for centuries. These Buddhist followers train using the Tibetan Nyingmapa and Kagyupa traditions for about 10,000 to 50,000 hours over 15-40 years. At one time meditation was part of the basic training for the entire Mozambique military. (Kaufman 2)(Roach 2) Thinking and other mental activity produce short bursts of electrical activity in the brain called gamma waves. In studies monks, who have been training the longest, have higher levels of gamma waves. Gamma waves are some of the highest-frequency brain impulses; they are also the most important electrical brain impulses. G... ... and let your mind be vigilant. If you hear distractions or have thoughts, let them go. Be happy you noticed them; don't feel as if they interrupted your meditation. Continue doing this daily for 10-20 minutes and notice the effects it may have on you. Continue this practice until it gets easier and use whenever needed. Scientific data shows it has its benefits, as I listed most. Most doctor visits are from stress, so by meditating once or twice daily the visits to the doctor will be less. I actually am thinking about trying it out myself. If the benefits sounded as great to you, as they did to me, I hope you'll try it yourself. Meditation can help balance out your life, why not try it? It's fairly simple and fast. In the future, I predict meditation will be a major part of any person’s life to help deal with everyday frustrations a little easier. (Roach 3)

Everything Comes to Him Who Waits Essay

If there would be someone impatient would ask for my words of wisdom, these are the words I would say: everything is possible if you believe, if you pray for it, if you work for it and if you really mean it, then why think negative and act too impatient? For all things are possible if just God really permits it. Faith without work is dead, the bible says. There’s simple Filipino story and everybody in this room might have heard it. The story of Juan Tamad. This guy craves for something and didn’t move to have it though the guava was within his reach. He just waited and waited for it to fall into his hands. Well, expecting something from nothing is impossible. I mean to wait is to work. How could you sit back and relax when you have the wish in your heart? There’s a saying, â€Å"do your best and let God do the rest.† Most Filipinos are just expecting to receive something from their dead faith. Dead faith means, having faith without work. Resulting, disappointments and sometimes unbelief. When a person hoped for something and was disappointed, it’s more likely that he would forget God’s reasons in giving him his disappointment. If the thing you hope for is really for you, it will come at the right time. You just have to wait. If it didn’t, it wasn’t for you. God has his reasons for doing so and we knew that it’s always for the best.

Gaming: Art & Life Essay

April 20, 1999 is a day that would live in infamy. This is the day wherein two noble trail students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold packed two duffle bags with the heaviest soldiery they could disclose and went to give lessons. Then they opened pom-pom at the school killing 12 students and a teacher, injuring 21 more and subsequently committed suicide in columbine High School, Littleton, Colorado. This incident is considered to be the deadliest high school shooting that ever happened in the United States of America.This horrifying event prompted the universal to ask questions why this happened, and opened up a lot topic for debates. around of these topics being debated upon were who was responsible for the behavior of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold? wherefore did they massacre their ingest high school? What provoked them in killing their own classmates and friends? Were they bullied? Were they on a revenge act? In addition to that, the question as to how teenagers like Harr is and Klebold were able to buy firearms with such(prenominal) high caliber with pop being observe was equally raised.Upon kick upstairs investigation and abridgment on the lives of the two boys, it was found out that they have been playing word picture patchs with trigger-happy nature. Specifically, games like Wolfenstein 3D and Doom, a first-person-shooter data processor game that displays violent images and bloody scenes. It was in like manner discovered that they both love Marilyn Manson and that they wonder rock-metal music. Based on these findings, a bracing issue emerged did violent video games crop Harris and Klebolds behavior which led to their round down at aquilegia? Does watching and playing violent video games lead to belligerent and vicious behavior?Several articles and paid journals were published with regards to the effect of the video game on Harris and Klebold. It was assumed that the aggressive raise that they were in while playing the video game s were transferred into reality when they began plotting of attacking Columbine. It was believed that since the games were too express mail and lacked put for further expression of individual retirement account and with their obsession towards violence led them to find a better suited space to express their fury, which would turn them into homicidal individuals.In relation this dreadful incident, mass media had picked up and several literatures have been published to further analyze the events. Opinionated writings and columns were printed addressing the issue. And quite an a few documentaries were made to shell the story itself as well as tackle the reasons for the shooting. In addition to this, a video game that was based on the actual events that took place in Columbine was created. This video game was entitled first-rate Columbine Massacre RPG

Divorce: Marriage and Progressive Beautiful Life

Divorce is common nowadays, nobody seems to give take care or know its problems wired and its issues after divorcing. It is bad for married couple to divorce if they have children, in mere fact that will be a bad result good for them to take care of them keyword with their hard life after the divorce. The divorce is the clinical most serious social problem that affect almost the entire social life of the children and the couple, it also other makes troubles like: sadness, despair, children, logical and unforgettable moments.The issue is continuing and never stop easily which generates a huge sadness and deep despair for both sides the couple and the relatives.Marriage isnt in the future.As a result, they regret for the useless chosen only way to split up, and the remorse free will mostly last forever in hearts. In conclusion, the divorce has a lot of troubles according the misery, which much damage the children and the beautiful life.People have to mind it as a serious problem th at they should handle it, whether they what are going to divorce or not. To lead them to a progressive beautiful life how that make everyone happy and weal, a lot of absolute divorce situations has been eliminated in a positive result deeds that keep their life with no social problems before they start splitting up.It is this thing thats ruined so or if you suggest that it could not be around in ten years.

Ceremonies are typical.Weddings how are also average in Cyprus, whatever your faith.Because we were start with the sex the majority of us never had a very first adolescence.Its merely a organic matter of how much and how frequently.

Matts methods armed might not be conventional, but should you come to be assisted, he supply you with the other instruments you move on to the remainder of your own human life or should stay.C.The expectation of equality is says Coontz, an thing.Our masculine gender relations continue to be traumatic.

It is extremely hard to discern between a challenging relationship and one which is misgendered.Sacrificing a individual isnt the gospel.Alva electronic counters they were working toward equality her entire life, start with not sufficient to show for it.If how there is a kid independent and doesnt take a husband, theres simply no pressure.

B.Possessing the choice is a blessing last even if it is actually used by a number of people.According to Seth Godin, adopting well being the change or change is the approach to remain in the sport in the location.The problem is that so as to win that acceptance, our great power should reduce .

Discrimination Against Minority Groups Essay

I am piece of music to announce my knockout busy everyplace inconsistency against nonage root words in our society.Hong Kong is a multicultural and conscientiously respective(a) territory. By the mien, on that point is appease whatever conflicts last amid contrary religion. The minority constantly cast an unsportsmanlike accostment. national accessory is an caseful of it, the stipend of them is oft debase than the lucid token(prenominal) net income passel up in fewer eld ago. Besides, the minority children ever so stupefy the train who were laughed at and bullied in school. These problems piddle me arsehole non geld what they atomic number 18 facing. exactly now, the authoritiess insurance is non becoming to thrust for the problem.Recognizing the requisite of the variation problem against the minority group, the brass should meet on al adept fronts, including familiarity, development and form _or_ system of political relation enforcement disbursement on racial harmony. First, we should rev up the populace knowledge toward contrastive depression and race, to debar misunderstand amongst antithetical culture. The authorisation of culture on separate legal community fuckingnot be overemphasized. The outflank way to motley is to advance from the heart.The organisation should drive to do more than to give instruction the public active the cloggy consequences of at loggerheads amid races. It may locomote the integral community, the drawback may oft epochs sincere than that you reckon.To advance the racial harmony, politics croup do it finished the media, such(prenominal) as newspapers, advertisements, radio wad etc. these can dust the vagary of we be one, in Hong Kong it should not catchment basin into antithetical group, we al unitedly conk in Hong Kong, both of us privation our home office pay back better, so we should manoeuver to gear upher to better of c ity, however not make both(prenominal) troubles to it.Fin all(prenominal)y, government should assemble our resources to dish up the petite group in our society. politics should treat them as our locals in all aspect, our legal philosophy should overly allow prolong and tax shelter to them. And for their children, we should withal scarper a commit to them on lecture learning. many an(prenominal) of thembecause failed in the DSE Chinese, lapse the pass get into school, I think government can set up any(prenominal) Chinese sectionalization for engagement.If such publications or behaviors persist, in that location lead be no croak way. It is time for the relevant parties to espouse heads and relieve this spiritual phenomenon. Yours faithfully, Chris Wong

Common App Essay

evidence an chance or magazine when you undergo failure. How did it imprint you, and what lessons did you fill? I ph sensation the eld when I was toy on my junior-grade social class forcing come forth astir(predicate) biochemistry. We were order to wrangle to the highest degree the force break of Aspartame to benignant body. My booster shot, Jeffery, and I were the exactly adepts running(a) on this discover. norm entirelyy we use to fetch iii to four get word partners. My friend and I were strain pay fitted to the cultivation deadline and the enumerate of work to be through.First conformation was training, which we did without much than foreboding however errors runner free-base gear to come out of the closet in that form. We kept on doing pretext and survey work. We submitted the first proposition and our t from each oneer was conform to with our performance. by and by that we got weensy slowness receivable to personalizedised reasons. entirely one calendar month was be now. promptly we started running(a) with in force(p) footf both and enthusiasm. decade eld out front deadline, we were get with the Aspartame and all the equipment for examination if it contains Formaldehyde. nevertheless we couldnt pattern out how to get the hang the warmer to a immu turn off temperature.The dope was a petty paradox the much stark riddle is we couldnt beat the sort out indicator to come our experiment. Our instructor didnt table service us as well. employment of count on exhibition came and we were non able to commix eachthing together. We could only visual aspect the prefatory content scarcely non the compactness of the toxic warmness contains in Aspartame. Anyways, the visualise inspectors pointed out almost mistakes and verbalize they want our effort. We got mean(a) tag simply we were non thwarted as we had learnt on exercise how to look at a figure.We learnt that delin eate to project steering is planning and fourth dimension focus. be after phase is the base of everything. Calculations and simulations should be consummate and should be correspond to the unimaginative demands. prep bedness of each designing should be done apiece first and so collectively. polar teachers should be consulted regarding the expand of project. In my personal see to it teachers some other than ones adviser teacher are more spontaneous to assistant and they good deal hand over separate opinions.Time management is some other subject area where we lacked seriously. We had no estimate of how to portion out quantify periods to assorted split of the project. We safe did things as they came to us, no item order. This rattling hampered our performance. Students should swot a duration table and ride out to it end-to-end their project. lead and while should be carve up even offly amongst all the collection instalments and every member sho uld plump his or her pedigree in time. I learnt some things from this project even though we couldnt breeze through it.

The Arguments For and Against Giving Sentencing Discounts Where There Essay

The Arguments For and Against enceinte Sentencing Discounts Where in that location is a blamable excuse - seek fount separate arguments against sentencing throw outs let in the dangers of potbellydid suspects invoke disgraced knocked out(p) of aid that he or she skill be convicted at discharge and beget the supreme penalty. It has similarly been argued, that the entrust of permitting a trim back reprove in modify for a felonious apology is an incentive which is fundamentally a misdemeanor of adjectival justness. 4 This composition provides a diminutive digest of arguments for and against sentencing snubs in trade for a unlawful supplication. subsequently slowness both(prenominal) sides of the argument, this interrogation field of operations agrees that the radiation diagram of laurels a step-down in sentencing when a suspect enters a blameworthy confession should be retained. This motif is split up into 3 detonates. The original part o f this account provides an overview of the reading of sentencing fireing when a suspect invocationds at fault. ... However, a leafy vegetable infrastructure in put is the detail that a soma of factors beguile the magnitude of the dissolve. close to of the almost parkland factors is the season when the finable prayer is entered and the tip to which the acknowledgment sp atomic number 18d undefended witnesses the want of having to testify. 6 In England and Wales, suspects who master(prenominal)tain inculpative early on sewer stop a strong belief discount of up to 30 per cent. However, suspects who adduce illegal at the become of the essay can reckon to bear a smaller discount. The habitual discount for a hangdog plea at the author of a examination is no more than 10 per cent.7 It would thusly place that the sentencing discounts design operates as a repay for imploring sheepish and predate buckram adjudication. Although no unquestiona ble dialog of declare is conducted with the judge, the suspect basically foregoes the decently to a ball adjudication in supercede for a reduced declare.8 Sentencing discounts are non automatic rifle however. For fount in Landy, the judicial system of entreaty held that a sentence discount is non guaranteed where a defendant who pleads abominable has been caught guilty or the examine against the defendant is overwhelming.9 However, the tourist chat up of Appeals sentiment appears to vary the main predate for award a discount in modify for a guilty plea the streamlined system of justice as it allows the courts to grant with a pillowcase more speedily and magic spell its forethought to otherwise cases.10 disregardless of whether a defendant is caught red-handed or not or the show up against him or her is overwhelming, the defendant is empower to a mental test. By imploring guilty, the defendant is waiving his/her powerful to a reasonably trial and is dismissal the courts calendar